WINNER AFTER DEATH

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Bruce Beutler of US,French man Jules Hoffman and Canadian Ralph Steinman for their research on the immune system.Steinman died of pancreatic cancer on September,30th,2011, but the committee announced that he would be awarded the prize posthumously.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY-EMOTICON

A few humble dots and dashes can speak what a hundred words possibly can't.Known as Emoticons-it was first digitally used in 1982 by American Scientist Scott Fahlman to help his colleagues discern a joke. Since then emoticons have multiplied crazily using all combinations possible on the key board to express even the most subtle of human emotions. This September,the Emoticon turned 29.

The emoticon is not to be confused with the original smiley,an adorable yellow bald head with two black dots for eyes and an upturned thick curve for a smile. It was created by freelance artist Harvey Ball in 1963.